For over a century, the Wiedemann-Franz Law has been a cornerstone of physics, stating that heat and electrical conductivity in metals are always proportional. However, researchers at the Indian Institute of Science have just shattered this rule. By using ultra-clean graphene, they observed electrons behaving as a “Dirac fluid”—a soup of particles that flow together like a liquid. In this state, heat and charge became entirely decoupled, violating the law by a factor of over 200. This proves that at the quantum level, the standard “rules” of metal simply do not apply. The Overturned Belief: That heat and electricity must move through a material in a fixed, predictable ratio.
Source: ScienceDaily / Nature Physics
Link: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/09/250912081319.htm
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