Researchers have identified two previously unknown biological subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS), a discovery that could significantly improve diagnosis and treatment. By analyzing blood biomarkers, MRI brain scans, and clinical data with artificial intelligence, scientists found that MS progresses through distinct biological pathways rather than a single disease pattern. The newly identified subtypes — termed early sNfL and late sNfL — differ in how and when nerve damage occurs. Early sNfL MS shows rapid increases in nerve-damage markers and lesion growth, while late sNfL MS initially presents with brain shrinkage before damage markers rise. This biological classification moves beyond symptom-based diagnosis and opens the door to more personalized treatment strategies. The research was conducted by scientists at University College London and Queen Square Analytics and could help clinicians match patients with therapies better suited to their disease biology, potentially slowing progression and improving long-term outcomes.
Source: The Guardian
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